SEO

The attached patch is an updated and bugfixed version of my earlier
patch to support UTF-8 encoding of unicode codepoints above U+FFFF
(previous version:
http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql.../msg00213.php). The
only structural change from the previous patch is that the UTF8-specific
code is now in a subclass of Encoding that overrides decode(), rather
than having the logic in the main Encoding class.

I'd like to apply this as the current 8.1 server code now handles (and
might generate) these values. If there are no objections I'll apply to
CVS HEAD in a couple of days.

-O

? build.local.properties
? org/postgresql/core/UTF8Encoding.java
Index: org/postgresql/core/Encoding.java
================================================== =================
RCS file: /usr/local/cvsroot/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/org/postgresql/core/Encoding.java,v
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -c -r1.20 Encoding.java
*** org/postgresql/core/Encoding.java 11 Jan 2005 08:25:43 -0000 1.20
--- org/postgresql/core/Encoding.java 29 Jun 2005 14:04:37 -0000
***************
*** 23,29 ****
*/
public class Encoding
{
-
private static final Encoding DEFAULT_ENCODING = new Encoding(null);

/*
--- 23,28 ----
***************
*** 36,41 ****
--- 35,41 ----
// encodings found in backend/util/mb/encnames.c
encodings.put("SQL_ASCII", new String[] { "ASCII", "us-ascii" });
encodings.put("UNICODE", new String[] { "UTF-8", "UTF8" });
+ encodings.put("UTF8", new String[] { "UTF-8", "UTF8" }); // 8.1's canonical name for UNICODE changed.
encodings.put("LATIN1", new String[] { "ISO8859_1" });
encodings.put("LATIN2", new String[] { "ISO8859_2" });
encodings.put("LATIN3", new String[] { "ISO8859_3" });
***************
*** 75,86 ****
}

private final String encoding;
- private final boolean utf8;

! private Encoding(String encoding)
{
this.encoding = encoding;
- this.utf8 = (encoding != null && (encoding.equals("UTF-8") || encoding.equals("UTF8")));
}

/**
--- 75,84 ----
}

private final String encoding;

! protected Encoding(String encoding)
{
this.encoding = encoding;
}

/**
***************
*** 93,99 ****
*/
public static Encoding getJVMEncoding(String jvmEncoding) {
if (isAvailable(jvmEncoding))
! return new Encoding(jvmEncoding);
else
return defaultEncoding();
}
--- 91,102 ----
*/
public static Encoding getJVMEncoding(String jvmEncoding) {
if (isAvailable(jvmEncoding))
! {
! if (jvmEncoding.equals("UTF-8") || jvmEncoding.equals("UTF8"))
! return new UTF8Encoding(jvmEncoding);
! else
! return new Encoding(jvmEncoding);
! }
else
return defaultEncoding();
}
***************
*** 175,183 ****
if (encoding == null)
return new String(encodedString, offset, length);

- if (utf8)
- return decodeUTF8(encodedString, offset, length);
-
return new String(encodedString, offset, length, encoding);
}

--- 178,183 ----
***************
*** 251,316 ****
}
}

- private char[] decoderArray = new char[1024];
-
- /**
- * Custom byte[] -> String conversion routine for UTF-8 only.
- * This is about 30% faster than using the String(byte[],int,int,String)
- * ctor, at least under JDK 1.4.2.
- *
- * @param data the array containing UTF8-encoded data
- * @param offset the offset of the first byte in <code>data</code> to decode from
- * @param length the number of bytes to decode
- * @return a decoded string
- * @throws IOException if something goes wrong
- */
- private synchronized String decodeUTF8(byte[] data, int offset, int length)
- throws IOException {
- char[] cdata = decoderArray;
- if (cdata.length < length)
- cdata = decoderArray = new char[length];
-
- int in = offset;
- int out = 0;
- int end = length + offset;
-
- try
- {
- while (in < end)
- {
- int ch = data[in++] & 0xff;
- if (ch < 0x80)
- {
- // Length 1: \u00000 .. \u0007f
- }
- else if (ch < 0xe0)
- {
- // Length 2: \u00080 .. \u007ff
- ch = ((ch & 0x1f) << 6);
- ch = ch | (data[in++] & 0x3f);
- }
- else
- {
- // Length 3: \u00800 .. \u0ffff
- ch = ((ch & 0x0f) << 12);
- ch = ch | ((data[in++] & 0x3f) << 6);
- ch = ch | (data[in++] & 0x3f);
- }
- cdata[out++] = (char)ch;
- }
- }
- catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException a)
- {
- throw new IOException("UTF-8 string representation was truncated");
- }
-
- // Check if we ran past the end without seeing an exception.
- if (in > end)
- throw new IOException("UTF-8 string representation was truncated");
-
- return new String(cdata, 0, out);
- }
-
public String toString() {
return (encoding == null ? "<default JVM encoding>" : encoding);
}
--- 251,256 ----
Index: org/postgresql/test/jdbc2/DatabaseEncodingTest.java
================================================== =================
RCS file: /usr/local/cvsroot/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/org/postgresql/test/jdbc2/DatabaseEncodingTest.java,v
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -c -r1.5 DatabaseEncodingTest.java
*** org/postgresql/test/jdbc2/DatabaseEncodingTest.java 11 Jan 2005 08:25:48 -0000 1.5
--- org/postgresql/test/jdbc2/DatabaseEncodingTest.java 29 Jun 2005 14:04:37 -0000
***************
*** 12,21 ****
import org.postgresql.test.TestUtil;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import java.sql.*;

/*
! * Test case for Dario's encoding problems.
! * Ensure the driver's own utf-8 decode method works.
*/
public class DatabaseEncodingTest extends TestCase
{
--- 12,28 ----
import org.postgresql.test.TestUtil;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import java.sql.*;
+ import org.postgresql.core.Encoding;
+ import org.postgresql.PGConnection;
+ import java.io.IOException;
+ import java.util.Arrays;

/*
! * Test case for various encoding problems.
! *
! * Ensure that we can do a round-trip of all server-supported unicode
! * values without trashing them, and that bad encodings are
! * detected.
*/
public class DatabaseEncodingTest extends TestCase
{
***************
*** 26,32 ****
super(name);
}

! private static final int STEP = 300;

// Set up the fixture for this testcase: a connection to a database with
// a table for this test.
--- 33,39 ----
super(name);
}

! private static final int STEP = 100;

// Set up the fixture for this testcase: a connection to a database with
// a table for this test.
***************
*** 68,84 ****
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT getdatabaseencoding()");
assertTrue(rs.next());
! if (!"UNICODE".equals(rs.getString(1)))
{
rs.close();
return ; // not a UNICODE database.
}

rs.close();

// Create data.
! // NB: we only test up to d800 as code points above that are
! // reserved for surrogates in UTF-16
PreparedStatement insert = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO testdbencoding(unicode_ordinal, unicode_string) VALUES (?,?)");
for (int i = 1; i < 0xd800; i += STEP)
{
--- 75,95 ----
Statement stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT getdatabaseencoding()");
assertTrue(rs.next());
!
! String dbEncoding = rs.getString(1);
! if (!dbEncoding.equals("UNICODE") && !dbEncoding.equals("UTF8"))
{
+ System.err.println("DatabaseEncodingTest: Skipping UNICODE database tests as test database encoding is " + dbEncoding);
rs.close();
return ; // not a UNICODE database.
}

rs.close();

+ boolean testHighUnicode = TestUtil.haveMinimumServerVersion(con, "8.1");
+
// Create data.
! // NB: we avoid d800-dfff as those are reserved for surrogates in UTF-16
PreparedStatement insert = con.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO testdbencoding(unicode_ordinal, unicode_string) VALUES (?,?)");
for (int i = 1; i < 0xd800; i += STEP)
{
***************
*** 94,102 ****
--- 105,149 ----
assertEquals(1, insert.executeUpdate());
}

+ for (int i = 0xe000; i < 0x10000; i += STEP)
+ {
+ int count = (i + STEP) > 0x10000 ? 0x10000 - i : STEP;
+ char[] testChars = new char[count];
+ for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j)
+ testChars[j] = (char)(i + j);
+
+ String testString = new String(testChars);
+
+ insert.setInt(1, i);
+ insert.setString(2, testString);
+ assertEquals(1, insert.executeUpdate());
+ }
+
+ if (testHighUnicode) {
+ for (int i = 0x10000; i < 0x110000; i += STEP)
+ {
+ int count = (i + STEP) > 0x110000 ? 0x110000 - i : STEP;
+ char[] testChars = new char[count*2];
+ for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
+ testChars[j*2] = (char)(0xd800 + ((i + j - 0x10000) >> 10));
+ testChars[j*2+1] = (char)(0xdc00 + ((i + j - 0x10000) & 0x3ff));
+ }
+
+ String testString = new String(testChars);
+
+ insert.setInt(1, i);
+ insert.setString(2, testString);
+
+ //System.err.println("Inserting: " + dumpString(testString));
+
+ assertEquals(1, insert.executeUpdate());
+ }
+ }
+
con.commit();

// Check data.
+ stmt.setFetchSize(1);
rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT unicode_ordinal, unicode_string FROM testdbencoding ORDER BY unicode_ordinal");
for (int i = 1; i < 0xd800; i += STEP)
{
***************
*** 110,116 ****

String testString = new String(testChars);

! assertEquals(dumpString(testString), dumpString(rs.getString(2)));
}
}
}
--- 157,323 ----

String testString = new String(testChars);

! assertEquals("Test string: " + dumpString(testString), dumpString(testString), dumpString(rs.getString(2)));
! }
!
! for (int i = 0xe000; i < 0x10000; i += STEP)
! {
! assertTrue(rs.next());
! assertEquals(i, rs.getInt(1));
!
! int count = (i + STEP) > 0x10000 ? 0x10000 - i : STEP;
! char[] testChars = new char[count];
! for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j)
! testChars[j] = (char)(i + j);
!
! String testString = new String(testChars);
!
! assertEquals("Test string: " + dumpString(testString), dumpString(testString), dumpString(rs.getString(2)));
! }
!
! if (testHighUnicode) {
! for (int i = 0x10000; i < 0x110000; i += STEP)
! {
! assertTrue(rs.next());
! assertEquals(i, rs.getInt(1));
!
! int count = (i + STEP) > 0x110000 ? 0x110000 - i : STEP;
! char[] testChars = new char[count*2];
! for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j) {
! testChars[j*2] = (char)(0xd800 + ((i + j - 0x10000) >> 10));
! testChars[j*2+1] = (char)(0xdc00 + ((i + j - 0x10000) & 0x3ff));
! }
!
! String testString = new String(testChars);
!
! assertEquals("Test string: " + dumpString(testString), dumpString(testString), dumpString(rs.getString(2)));
! }
! }
! }
!
! public void testUTF8Decode() throws Exception {
! // Tests for our custom UTF-8 decoder.
!
! Encoding utf8Encoding = Encoding.getJVMEncoding("UTF-8");
!
! for (int ch = 0; ch < 0x110000; ++ch) {
! if (ch >= 0xd800 && ch < 0xe000)
! continue; // Surrogate range.
!
! String testString;
! if (ch >= 0x10000) {
! testString = new String(new char[] {
! (char) (0xd800 + ((ch-0x10000) >> 10)),
! (char) (0xdc00 + ((ch-0x10000) & 0x3ff)) });
! } else {
! testString = new String(new char[] { (char)ch });
! }
!
! byte[] jvmEncoding = testString.getBytes("UTF-8");
! String jvmDecoding = new String(jvmEncoding, 0, jvmEncoding.length, "UTF-8");
! String ourDecoding = utf8Encoding.decode(jvmEncoding, 0, jvmEncoding.length);
!
! assertEquals("Test string: " + dumpString(testString), dumpString(testString), dumpString(jvmDecoding));
! assertEquals("Test string: " + dumpString(testString), dumpString(testString), dumpString(ourDecoding));
! }
! }
!
! public void testBadUTF8Decode() throws Exception {
! Encoding utf8Encoding = Encoding.getJVMEncoding("UTF-8");
!
! byte[][] badSequences = new byte[][] {
! // One-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0x80 }, // First byte may not be 10xxxxxx
!
! // Two-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xc0, (byte)0x00 }, // Second byte must be 10xxxxxx
! { (byte)0xc0, (byte)0x80 }, // Can't represent a value < 0x80
!
! // Three-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xe0, (byte)0x00 }, // Second byte must be 10xxxxxx
! { (byte)0xe0, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x00 }, // Third byte must be 10xxxxxx
! { (byte)0xe0, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x80 }, // Can't represent a value < 0x800
! { (byte)0xed, (byte)0xa0, (byte)0x80 }, // Not allowed to encode the range d800..dfff
!
! // Four-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xf0, (byte)0x00 }, // Second byte must be 10xxxxxx
! { (byte)0xf0, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x00 }, // Third byte must be 10xxxxxx
! { (byte)0xf0, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x00 }, // Fourth byte must be 10xxxxxx
! { (byte)0xf0, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x80 }, // Can't represent a value < 0x10000
!
! // Five-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xf8 }, // Can't have a five-byte sequence.
!
! // Six-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xfc }, // Can't have a six-byte sequence.
!
! // Seven-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xfe }, // Can't have a seven-byte sequence.
!
! // Eigth-byte illegal sequences
! { (byte)0xff }, // Can't have an eight-byte sequence.
! };
!
! byte[] paddedSequence = new byte[32];
! for (int i = 0; i < badSequences.length; ++i) {
! byte[] sequence = badSequences[i];
!
! try {
! String str = utf8Encoding.decode(sequence, 0, sequence.length);
! fail("Expected an IOException on sequence " + i + ", but decoded to <" + str + ">");
! } catch (IOException ioe) {
! // Expected exception.
! }
!
! // Try it with padding.
! Arrays.fill(paddedSequence, (byte)0);
! System.arraycopy(sequence, 0, paddedSequence, 0, sequence.length);
!
! try {
! String str = utf8Encoding.decode(paddedSequence, 0, paddedSequence.length);
! fail("Expected an IOException on sequence " + i + ", but decoded to <" + str + ">");
! } catch (IOException ioe) {
! // Expected exception.
! }
! }
! }
!
! public void testTruncatedUTF8Decode() throws Exception {
! Encoding utf8Encoding = Encoding.getJVMEncoding("UTF-8");
!
! byte[][] shortSequences = new byte[][] {
! { (byte)0xc0 }, // Second byte must be present
!
! { (byte)0xe0 }, // Second byte must be present
! { (byte)0xe0, (byte)0x80 }, // Third byte must be present
!
! { (byte)0xf0 }, // Second byte must be present
! { (byte)0xf0, (byte)0x80 }, // Third byte must be present
! { (byte)0xf0, (byte)0x80, (byte)0x80 }, // Fourth byte must be present
! };
!
! byte[] paddedSequence = new byte[32];
! for (int i = 0; i < shortSequences.length; ++i) {
! byte[] sequence = shortSequences[i];
!
! try {
! String str = utf8Encoding.decode(sequence, 0, sequence.length);
! fail("Expected an IOException on sequence " + i + ", but decoded to <" + str + ">");
! } catch (IOException ioe) {
! // Expected exception.
! }
!
!
! // Try it with padding and a truncated length.
! Arrays.fill(paddedSequence, (byte)0);
! System.arraycopy(sequence, 0, paddedSequence, 0, sequence.length);
!
! try {
! String str = utf8Encoding.decode(paddedSequence, 0, sequence.length);
! fail("Expected an IOException on sequence " + i + ", but decoded to <" + str + ">");
! } catch (IOException ioe) {
! // Expected exception.
! }
}
}
}
*** /dev/null Thu Jan 1 12:00:00 1970
--- org/postgresql/core/UTF8Encoding.java Thu Jun 30 02:03:28 2005
***************
*** 0 ****
--- 1,157 ----
+ package org.postgresql.core;
+
+ import java.io.IOException;
+ import org.postgresql.util.GT;
+
+ class UTF8Encoding extends Encoding {
+ UTF8Encoding(String jvmEncoding) {
+ super(jvmEncoding);
+ }
+
+ private static final int MIN_2_BYTES = 0x80;
+ private static final int MIN_3_BYTES = 0x800;
+ private static final int MIN_4_BYTES = 0x10000;
+ private static final int MAX_CODE_POINT = 0x10ffff;
+
+ private char[] decoderArray = new char[1024];
+
+ // helper for decode
+ private final static void checkByte(int ch, int pos, int len) throws IOException {
+ if ((ch & 0xc0) != 0x80)
+ throw new IOException(GT.tr("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: byte {0} of {1} byte sequence is not 10xxxxxx: {2}",
+ new Object[] { new Integer(pos), new Integer(len), new Integer(ch) }));
+ }
+
+ private final static void checkMinimal(int ch, int minValue) throws IOException {
+ if (ch >= minValue)
+ return;
+
+ int actualLen;
+ switch (minValue) {
+ case MIN_2_BYTES:
+ actualLen = 2;
+ break;
+ case MIN_3_BYTES:
+ actualLen = 3;
+ break;
+ case MIN_4_BYTES:
+ actualLen = 4;
+ break;
+ default:
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("unexpected minValue passed to checkMinimal: " + minValue);
+ }
+
+ int expectedLen;
+ if (ch < MIN_2_BYTES)
+ expectedLen = 1;
+ else if (ch < MIN_3_BYTES)
+ expectedLen = 2;
+ else if (ch < MIN_4_BYTES)
+ expectedLen = 3;
+ else
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("unexpected ch passed to checkMinimal: " + ch);
+
+ throw new IOException(GT.tr("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: {0} bytes used to encode a {1} byte value: {2}",
+ new Object[] { new Integer(actualLen), new Integer(expectedLen), new Integer(ch) }));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Custom byte[] -> String conversion routine for UTF-8 only.
+ * This is about twice as fast as using the String(byte[],int,int,String)
+ * ctor, at least under JDK 1.4.2. The extra checks for illegal representations
+ * add about 10-15% overhead, but they seem worth it given the number of SQL_ASCII
+ * databases out there.
+ *
+ * @param data the array containing UTF8-encoded data
+ * @param offset the offset of the first byte in <code>data</code> to decode from
+ * @param length the number of bytes to decode
+ * @return a decoded string
+ * @throws IOException if something goes wrong
+ */
+ public synchronized String decode(byte[] data, int offset, int length) throws IOException {
+ char[] cdata = decoderArray;
+ if (cdata.length < length)
+ cdata = decoderArray = new char[length];
+
+ int in = offset;
+ int out = 0;
+ int end = length + offset;
+
+ try
+ {
+ while (in < end)
+ {
+ int ch = data[in++] & 0xff;
+
+ // Convert UTF-8 to 21-bit codepoint.
+ if (ch < 0x80) {
+ // 0xxxxxxx -- length 1.
+ } else if (ch < 0xc0) {
+ // 10xxxxxx -- illegal!
+ throw new IOException(GT.tr("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: initial byte is {0}: {1}",
+ new Object[] { "10xxxxxx", new Integer(ch) }));
+ } else if (ch < 0xe0) {
+ // 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ ch = ((ch & 0x1f) << 6);
+ checkByte(data[in], 2, 2);
+ ch = ch | (data[in++] & 0x3f);
+ checkMinimal(ch, MIN_2_BYTES);
+ } else if (ch < 0xf0) {
+ // 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ ch = ((ch & 0x0f) << 12);
+ checkByte(data[in], 2, 3);
+ ch = ch | ((data[in++] & 0x3f) << 6);
+ checkByte(data[in], 3, 3);
+ ch = ch | (data[in++] & 0x3f);
+ checkMinimal(ch, MIN_3_BYTES);
+ } else if (ch < 0xf8) {
+ // 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx
+ ch = ((ch & 0x07) << 18);
+ checkByte(data[in], 2, 4);
+ ch = ch | ((data[in++] & 0x3f) << 12);
+ checkByte(data[in], 3, 4);
+ ch = ch | ((data[in++] & 0x3f) << 6);
+ checkByte(data[in], 4, 4);
+ ch = ch | (data[in++] & 0x3f);
+ checkMinimal(ch, MIN_4_BYTES);
+ } else {
+ throw new IOException(GT.tr("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: initial byte is {0}: {1}",
+ new Object[] { "11111xxx", new Integer(ch) }));
+ }
+
+ if (ch > MAX_CODE_POINT)
+ throw new IOException(GT.tr("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: final value is out of range: {0}",
+ new Integer(ch)));
+
+ // Convert 21-bit codepoint to Java chars:
+ // 0..ffff are represented directly as a single char
+ // 10000..10ffff are represented as a "surrogate pair" of two chars
+ // See: http://java.sun.com/developer/techni...Supplementary/
+
+ if (ch > 0xffff) {
+ // Use a surrogate pair to represent it.
+ ch -= 0x10000; // ch is now 0..fffff (20 bits)
+ cdata[out++] = (char) (0xd800 + (ch >> 10)); // top 10 bits
+ cdata[out++] = (char) (0xdc00 + (ch & 0x3ff)); // bottom 10 bits
+ } else if (ch >= 0xd800 && ch < 0xe000) {
+ // Not allowed to encode the surrogate range directly.
+ throw new IOException(GT.tr("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: final value is a surrogate value: {0}",
+ new Integer(ch)));
+ } else {
+ // Normal case.
+ cdata[out++] = (char) ch;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException a)
+ {
+ throw new IOException("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: multibyte sequence was truncated");
+ }
+
+ // Check if we ran past the end without seeing an exception.
+ if (in > end)
+ throw new IOException("Illegal UTF-8 sequence: multibyte sequence was truncated");
+
+ return new String(cdata, 0, out);
+ }
+ }


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Oliver Jowett wrote:

> (previous version:
> http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql...4/msg00213.php)

Sigh.. the right URL is
http://archives.postgresql.org/pgsql...8/msg00068.php, sorry.

-O

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On Thu, 30 Jun 2005, Oliver Jowett wrote:

> The attached patch is an updated and bugfixed version of my earlier
> patch to support UTF-8 encoding of unicode codepoints above U+FFFF

I'm don't like the cost of the new tests included here. On my 2 x PIII
800 machine the entire JDBC 2 test suite takes 212 seconds. testEncoding
takes 67 seconds testUTF8Decode takes 111 seconds for a whopping 84% of
the test time for 2 out of 220 tests. Do you have any recommendations for
lowering this? Random ideas that I could see:

- using STEP in testUTF8Decode as well to reduce the number of iterations
and adding a BIGSTEP for the high unicode range
- selecting a representative sample of codepoints to test
- creating a separate encoding test suite that is driven by "ant enctest"
- running the tests only occasionally since they don't depend on JVM or
database version and should therefore be pretty static, say randomly
1 out of 10 runs.
- doing nothing 3.5 minutes isn't really all that long

Kris Jurka

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Kris Jurka wrote:

> - creating a separate encoding test suite that is driven by "ant enctest"

Sure.

> - doing nothing 3.5 minutes isn't really all that long

That was why I added the tests -- I'd rather have the better coverage.
The full test is only run against 8.1 servers with a UNICODE test
database, BTW.

It takes about 60 seconds to run all the tests on my machine.

-O

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